The Effects of Red Clover Seed Treatment with Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field on Germination and Seedling Growth Are Dependent on Seed Color

This study aimed to estimate the effects of cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment red clover (Trifolium pratense) seeds with different coat colors on germination kinetics, content seed phytohormones, growth seedlings. Seeds cultivar ‘Arimaiciai’ were treated radio-frequency EMF or capacitively coupled low-pressure CP for durations. There no differences in kinetics between yellow, brown, dark purple control, but rate depended color: The yellow was stimulated stronger compared brown seeds, did not stimulate seeds. phytohormones control shift their amount induced by treatments also strongly dependent color. No relationship found effect changes phytohormone levels. In seedlings growing from heavier, number root nodules 12.5 times larger Seed significantly increased nodules, this those